An issue in TopIDP3000 Topsec Operating System tos_3.3.005.665b.15_smpidp allows attackers to perform a brute-force attack via a crafted session_id cookie.

Azure RTOS USBX is a USB host, device, and on-the-go (OTG) embedded stack. Prior to version 6.1.11, he USBX DFU UPLOAD functionality may be utilized to introduce a buffer overflow resulting in overwrite of memory contents. In particular cases this may allow an attacker to bypass security features or execute arbitrary code. The implementation of `ux_device_class_dfu_control_request` function does not assure that a buffer overflow will not occur during handling of the DFU UPLOAD command. When an attacker issues the `UX_SLAVE_CLASS_DFU_COMMAND_UPLOAD` control transfer request with `wLenght` larger than the buffer size (`UX_SLAVE_REQUEST_CONTROL_MAX_LENGTH`, 256 bytes), depending on the actual implementation of `dfu -> ux_slave_class_dfu_read`, a buffer overflow may occur. In example `ux_slave_class_dfu_read` may read 4096 bytes (or more up to 65k) to a 256 byte buffer ultimately resulting in an overflow. Furthermore in case an attacker has some control over the read flash memory, this ma…

Azure RTOS USBX is a USB host, device, and on-the-go (OTG) embedded stack. In versions prior to 6.1.10, an attacker can cause a buffer overflow by providing the Azure RTOS USBX host stack a HUB descriptor with `bNbPorts` set to a value greater than `UX_MAX_TT` which defaults to 8. For a `bNbPorts` value of 255, the implementation of `ux_host_class_hub_descriptor_get` function will modify the contents of `hub` -> `ux_host_class_hub_device` -> `ux_device_hub_tt` array violating the end boundary by 255 - `UX_MAX_TT` items. The USB host stack needs to validate the number of ports reported by the hub, and if the value is larger than UX_MAX_TT, USB stack needs to reject the request. This fix has been included in USBX release 6.1.10.

TencentOS-tiny version 3.1.0 is vulnerable to integer wrap-around in function 'tos_mmheap_alloc incorrect calculation of effective memory allocation size. This improper memory assignment can lead to arbitrary memory allocation, resulting in unexpected behavior such as a crash or a remote code injection/execution.

ARM CMSIS RTOS2 versions prior to 2.1.3 are vulnerable to integer wrap-around inosRtxMemoryAlloc (local malloc equivalent) function, which can lead to arbitrary memory allocation, resulting in unexpected behavior such as a crash or injected code execution.

It is possible to obtain the first administrator's hash set up in Terramaster F4-210, F2-210 TOS 4.2.X (4.2.15-2107141517) on the system as well as other information such as MAC address, internal IP address etc. by performing a request to the /module/api.php?mobile/wapNasIPS endpoint.

In Terramaster F4-210, F2-210 TOS 4.2.X (4.2.15-2107141517), an attacker can self-sign session cookies by knowing the target's MAC address and the user's password hash. Guest users (disabled by default) can be abused using a null/empty hash and allow an unauthenticated attacker to login as guest.

It is possible to execute arbitrary commands as root in Terramaster F4-210, F2-210 TOS 4.2.X (4.2.15-2107141517) by sending specifically crafted input to /tos/index.php?app/app_start_stop.

It is possible to obtain the first administrator's hash set up on the system in Terramaster F4-210, F2-210 TOS 4.2.X (4.2.15-2107141517) as well as other information such as MAC address, internal IP address etc. by performing a request to the /module/api.php?mobile/webNasIPS endpoint.

An authenticated attacker can execute arbitrary commands as root in Terramaster F4-210, F2-210 TOS 4.2.X (4.2.15-2107141517) by injecting a maliciously crafted input in the request through /tos/index.php?app/hand_app.