The HTTP/2 protocol allows a denial of service (server resource consumption) because request cancellation can reset many streams quickly, as exploited in the wild in August through October 2023.

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP1 and SP2, Windows Server 2008 Gold, SP2, R2, and R2 SP1, and Windows 7 Gold and SP1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application that triggers a NULL pointer dereference, a different vulnerability than other "Vulnerability Type 2" CVEs listed in MS11-034, aka "Win32k Null Pointer De-reference Vulnerability."

The JTapi Gateway process in Cisco Unified Contact Center Enterprise, Unified Contact Center Hosted, IP Contact Center Enterprise, and Cisco IP Contact Center Hosted 5.0 through 7.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (repeated process restart) via a certain TCP session on the JTapi server port.

Multiple TCP implementations with Protection Against Wrapped Sequence Numbers (PAWS) with the timestamps option enabled allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (connection loss) via a spoofed packet with a large timer value, which causes the host to discard later packets because they appear to be too old.