The authentication process to the web server uses a challenge response procedure which inludes the nonce and additional information. This challenge can be used several times for login and is therefore vulnerable for a replay attack.

Lua apps can be deployed, removed, started, reloaded or stopped without authorization via AppManager. This allows an attacker to remove legitimate apps creating a DoS attack, read and write files or load apps that use all features of the product available to a customer.

Unauthenticated CROWN APIs allow access to critical functions. This leads to the accessibility of large parts of the web application without authentication.

The product is vulnerable to pass-the-hash attacks in combination with hardcoded credentials of hidden user levels. This means that an attacker can log in with the hidden user levels and gain full access to the device.

Since the firmware update is not validated, an attacker can install modified firmware on the device. This has a high impact on the availabilty, integrity and confidentiality up to the complete compromise of the device.

Due to missing input validation during one step of the firmware update process, the product is vulnerable to remote code execution. With network access and the user level ”Service”, an attacker can execute arbitrary system commands in the root user’s contexts.