Multiple ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) device drivers do not pad frames with null bytes, which allows remote attackers to obtain information from previous packets or kernel memory by using malformed packets, as demonstrated by Etherleak.

IPSEC implementations including (1) FreeS/WAN and (2) KAME do not properly calculate the length of authentication data, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (kernel panic) via spoofed, short Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) packets, which result in integer signedness errors.

Buffer overflow in talkd on NetBSD 1.6 and earlier, and possibly other operating systems, may allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long inbound message.

Multiple buffer overflows in rogue on NetBSD 1.6 and earlier, FreeBSD 4.6, and possibly other operating systems, allows local users to gain "games" group privileges via malformed entries in a game save file.

Sendmail Consortium's Restricted Shell (SMRSH) in Sendmail 8.12.6, 8.11.6-15, and possibly other versions after 8.11 from 5/19/1998, allows attackers to bypass the intended restrictions of smrsh by inserting additional commands after (1) "||" sequences or (2) "/" characters, which are not properly filtered or verified.